Investigations
The British Association of Paediatric Nephrologists (BAPN) recommend the following first-line investigations where AKI is suspected:
| Investigations | Comment |
| Full blood count, creatinine, electrolytes, bone profile, bicarbonate | A raised white cell count and falling platelets may indicate early Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (HUS) – also look for falling haemoglobin and fragmented RBCs on blood film |
| Urinalysis | proteinuria/haematuria may indicate intrinsic renal disease |
| Urine microscopy | To look for evidence or urinary tract infection. Red cells casts may indicate glomerulonephritis |
| Urinary tract ultrasound* | May identify a cause for AKI, eg hydronephrosis |
*RENAL ULTRASOUND IN THE ED MAY NOT BE NECESSARY
As the majority of cases of AKI are due to hypovolemia and will be corrected with adequate fluid replacement, unless there is suspicion of urinary tract obstruction, performing an urgent urinary tract ultrasound in the paediatric emergency department may not be indicated.