Causes of Back Pain

The causes of back pain can be:

Structural
  • Mechanical or non-specific
  • Facet joint arthritis or dysfunction
  • Prolapsed intervertebral disc
  • Annular tear of intervertebral disc
  • Spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis
  • Spinal stenosis

Neoplasm

Primary or secondary including multiple myeloma

Referred pain to spine from:

  • Major viscera
  • Retroperitoneal structures
  • Aorta
  • Hip

Infection

  • Discitis
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Paraspinal abscess

Inflammation

  • Spondyloarthropathies
  • Sacroiliitis or sacroiliac dysfunction

Metabolic

  • Osteoporotic vertebral collapse
  • Paget’s disease
  • Osteomalacea
  • Hyperparathyroidism
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