Blast Injuries - Post Test

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Question 1 of 10

1. Question

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the cause of particular blast injuries?

Primary blast injuries are caused by the blast over-pressure
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Secondary blast injuries are caused by the effects on the body of missiles displaced by blast winds
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Tertiary blast injuries are caused by fire, inhalational injury or structural collapse
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Quaternary blast injuries are caused by the impact against structures when patients are displaced by the blast winds
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Question 2 of 10

2. Question

Which of the following factors should alert the emergency physician to an increased likelihood of the presence of primary blast injury?

A suicide bombing
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The presence of flash burns
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An open-air bombing
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Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE)
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An underwater explosion
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Question 3 of 10

3. Question

Which of the following statements regarding primary blast injury of the ear are correct?

The ear is the organ most likely to be damaged by primary blast injury following exposure to an explosion
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Rupture of the tympanic membrane is rare at over-pressures below 15 psi
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Absence of tympanic membrane rupture is a good indicator as to the absence of other primary blast injuries
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Deafness following exposure to blast is usually permanent
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All patients exposed to a blast should undergo otoscopic examination
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Management of rupture of the tympanic membrane is expectant
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Question 4 of 10

4. Question

Which of the following statements regarding patients with blast lung are correct?

Intubation should be performed early in order to prevent deterioration
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The chest radiographs are most likely to show a butterfly distribution of opacification
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A fall in peripheral oxygen saturation is a late sign
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Permissive hypercapnia increases morbidity
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Question 5 of 10

5. Question

Which of the following abnormalities may be found on the chest radiograph of a patient with isolated primary blast injury of the lung (blast lung)?

Pneumothorax
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Perihilar opacification in a butterfly distribution
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Multiple rib fractures
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Haemothorax
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Subcutaneous emphysema
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Question 6 of 10

6. Question

Which of the following statements are correct regarding abdominal primary blast injury?

It is rare
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It commonly affects the solid organs such as the liver and spleen
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If affecting the luminal GI tract, perforation is most common at the ileocaecal junction
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It is more common following open air blasts than underwater blasts
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It causes abdominal pain, nausea, haematemesis and malaena
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It may be differentiated from secondary or tertiary abdominal blast injury on using FAST
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Question 7 of 10

7. Question

Which of the following statements are correct regarding management of primary blast-injured patients in the ED?

Patients should be managed in accordance with standard trauma management guidelines
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ST elevation following blast injury should be treated with oxygen, analgesia and nitrates
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To protect blast-injured lungs, intubation and ventilation should be avoided in patients with reduced level of consciousness
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Rhesus-negative pregnant women should receive anti-D immunoglobulin within 72 hours of a blast
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Question 8 of 10

8. Question

Which of the following statements are correct regarding primary blast injuries?

Skull fracture can occur in the absence of a direct blow
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Primary blast injury to the globe is unlikely to be found in survivors
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Fractures of the teeth are usually single
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Mandibular fractures following primary blast injury are usually vertical and bilateral
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Question 9 of 10

9. Question

Which of the following statements are correct regarding disposition of patients from the ED following exposure to a blast?

Some patients may be discharged directly from the ED
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Patients with ruptured tympanic membranes need to be admitted to hospital
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Patients who felt the blast wave hit them should be admitted to hospital
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Patients with a normal CT in the presence of abdominal pain may be discharged home from the ED
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Question 10 of 10

10. Question

Which of the following are recognised long-term complications of primary blast injury?

Cholesteatoma
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Restrictive lung defect
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Emotional and behavioural impairment
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Deafness
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Visual field defects
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Tinnitus
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Blast Injuries – Post Test

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