Differential Diagnosis
This list is not exhaustive:
| Physiological |
Transient choking/gagging, apnoea of prematurity |
| Cardiac |
Congenital heart disease, arrhythmias, prolonged QT |
| Gastrointestinal |
Gastro-oesophageal reflux |
| Respiratory |
Airway obstruction including inhaled FB, laryngomalacia, obstructive sleep apnoea, central sleep apnoea |
| Infection |
Whooping cough, URTI/LRTI, meningitis/encephalitis, UTI, gastroenteritis |
| CNS |
Head injury, epilepsy, structural cerebral abnormalities, neuromuscular disorders |
| NAI |
Inflicted injury e.g. drug ingestion, factitious illness, suffocation |
| Surgical |
Acute gastrointestinal obstruction |
| Metabolic/toxins |
Hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypokalaemia, inborn errors of metabolism, intentional/non-intentional drug overdose |