Features

For hypercalcaemia to develop, the normal calcium regulation system must be overwhelmed by an excess of PTH, calcitriol, some other serum factor that can mimic these hormones, or a huge calcium load. Mild hypercalcaemia <3mmol/l is frequently asymptomatic. As levels rise, a number of features are often present.

Figs 1-7 illustrate the features (Click on the images to enlarge).

Investigation of hypercalcaemia compromises the tests listed in Table 1, with the addition of TSH, protein electrophoresis, ACE levels and bony imaging.