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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Context and Definition

Pathophysiology

Aetiology of Exacerbations

Diagnosis of COPD

Clinical Assessment

Risk Stratification

Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – Post Test

Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – Post Test

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – Post Test

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Question 1 of 10

1. Question

Approximately how many people in the United Kingdom are thought to have COPD?

10 000
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30 000
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1 000 000
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3 000 000
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30 000 000
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Question 2 of 10

2. Question

COPD is a respiratory disease characterised by:

Airflow obstruction with full reversibility
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Airflow obstruction that is not fully reversible
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Airflow resriction that is not fully reversible
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Airflow resriction with full reversibility
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None of the above
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Question 3 of 10

3. Question

Which of the following symptoms may indicate a diagnosis of COPD?

Exertional breathlessness
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Sputum production
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Wheeze
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Frequent winter bronchitis
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All options listed
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Question 4 of 10

4. Question

According to the guidelines published by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence, patients who are classified as having ‘very severe’ COPD will have a post-bronchodilator % of predicted FEV1 of:

100%
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> 80%
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50-79%
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30-49%
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< 30%
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Question 5 of 10

5. Question

Which of the following factors would be an indication to treat a patient with an exacerbation of COPD in hospital rather than at home?

Oxygen saturations < 90%
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Arterial pH < 7.35
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The patient is already on long term oxygen therapy
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There is consolidation on the CXR
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All options listed
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Question 6 of 10

6. Question

All patients attending the emergency department with an exacerbation of COPD should receive which of the following investigations?

Pulse oximetry
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CT chest
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Spirometry
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Theophylline levels
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All options listed
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Incorrect
Question 7 of 10

7. Question

Which of the following statements regarding the treatment of COPD exacerbations is not correct?

If the patient is hypercapneic or acidotic, nebulisers should be driven by air and not oxygen
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Patients should receive 30 mg of oral prednisolone
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A course of steroids given for a duration of more than 14 days is beneficial for most patients
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Antibiotics should only be given if there is a history of increased purulent sputum, clinical signs of pneumonia or evidence of consolidation on the CXR.
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Aminophylline is a second line treatment and should only be considered if there is an inadequate response to nebulised bronchodilators
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Question 8 of 10

8. Question

Which of the following combinations may be considered maximal initial medical treatment of COPD?

Oxygen to target saturations of 94-98%, 5 mg nebulised salbutamol, 500 mcg nebulised ipatropium bromide and antibiotics
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Oxygen to target saturations of 88-92%, 5 mg nebulised salbutamol, 500 mcg nebulised ipatropium bromide and antibiotics
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Oxygen to target saturations of 94-98%, 5 mg nebulised salbutamol, 500 mcg nebulised ipatropium bromide, 30 mg prednisolone and antibiotics only if indicated
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Oxygen to target saturations of 88-92%, 5 mg nebulised salbutamol, 500 mcg nebulised ipatropium bromide, 30 mg prednisolone and antibiotics
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Oxygen to target saturations of 88-92%, 5 mg nebulised salbutamol, 500 mcg nebulised ipatropium bromide, 30 mg prednisolone and antibiotics only if indicated
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Correct

Incorrect
Question 9 of 10

9. Question

Which of the following is not a contraindication to non-invasive ventilation (NIV)?

Vomiting
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Glasgow coma score of < 8
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Recent hemicolectomy
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Facial burns
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Copious respiratory secretions
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Correct

Incorrect
Question 10 of 10

10. Question

Which of the following may predict higher risk of mortality in patients presenting with an exacerbation of COPD?

Increasing age
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Use of long term oxygen therapy
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The number of previous hospital admissions
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Low arterial pH on admission
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All options listed
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Correct

Incorrect

8 Comments

Dr Syed Shahbaz Ahmer July 20, 2023 at 4:38 pm

Great review

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Dr. Elrayah Dafalla Abdelrahim Ahmed January 22, 2024 at 2:34 am

excellent

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Dr. Elrayah Dafalla Abdelrahim Ahmed January 22, 2024 at 2:41 am

excellent and comprehensive

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Dr Elsheimaa Mohamedsalih Osman Mohamedsalih September 29, 2024 at 4:05 pm

Great review

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Dr Adnan Quddus February 18, 2025 at 11:17 pm

Great review

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Dr Muhammad Salman September 8, 2025 at 8:04 am

Nice

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Dr Muntasir Eltayeb Hassan Elsheikh January 28, 2026 at 9:32 pm

Great Review

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Dr Lucky Osakue Idemudia March 16, 2026 at 10:55 am

great revision

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