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Critical Appraisal: Appraising a Diagnostic Test: D-Dimer

Evaluation Paper

How to Review a Paper

Why was the Study Done?

Methodology Design: What Type of Study Did They Do?

What Type of Study Did They Do?

The Population in the Study

Methodology Bias

Values from a Diagnostic Study

Is this Test Repeatable?

Competing Interests

Was the Study Big Enough?

What do the Results Mean?

Critical Appraisal: Appraising a Diagnostic Test: D-Dimer – Post Test

Appraising a Diagnostic Test: D-Dimer Post Test

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Critical Appraisal: Appraising a Diagnostic Test: D-Dimer – Post Test

Critical Appraisal: Appraising a Diagnostic Test: D-Dimer
Critical Appraisal: Appraising a Diagnostic Test: D-Dimer – Post Test

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Question 1 of 4

1. Question

Which of the following statements about the design of studies that evaluate diagnostic tests are correct?

A confounding variable is a variable that is associated with both the outcome and the intervention
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Bias can be detected by looking at the statistics
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A randomised controlled trial is most commonly used to evaluate a test
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As no intervention is evaluated, the role of competing interests is diminished
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Blinding is important in studies evaluating diagnostic tests
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Question 2 of 4

2. Question

Which of the following statements about studies evaluating a diagnostic test are correct?

Losses to follow-up often causes confounding in cohort studies
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Spectrum bias results when a group of subjects who clearly have the condition or clearly do not are selected
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Expectation bias exists when the observers are completely blinded to the results of the tests they are applying
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Work-up bias exists when more of one group (testing negative or positive) got the gold standard than the other group
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A validation study looks to see whether the findings from a derivation study apply in another group of patients
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Question 3 of 4

3. Question

Which of the following statements about analysing a study evaluating a diagnostic test are correct?

A sensitive test is good at picking up people who have the condition, compared to the gold standard
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A specific test is good at excluding people who do not have the condition, compared to the gold standard
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The sensitivity and specificity of a test usually vary in different patient groups
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A negative predictive value is the same as the post-test probability of a negative result
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A test with a high positive predictive value is one that rules out most of the cases who do not have the disease
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Question 4 of 4

4. Question

Which of the following statements about the applicability of a study evaluating a diagnostic test are correct?

Internal validity refers to how well the study findings can be applied elsewhere
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You should apply the findings from a study only if it has been validated in your own population
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The confidence interval width is important
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If a study has high internal validity then the results can be applied elsewhere
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If a trial has high external validity then the results can be applied elsewhere
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4 Comments

hanifa4725 October 7, 2018 at 7:42 pm

very useful module

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jayakumarpo February 4, 2019 at 7:20 pm

Excellent on line learning

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jayakumarpo February 4, 2019 at 7:21 pm

it is useful to evaluate daily practice.

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Mrs Amy Shaw January 11, 2026 at 10:45 pm

Excellent e-learning module on understanding how to critically appraise a study

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