Author: Cat Ward, Joanna Quinn, Mike Pretswell, Naomi French, Ryan McHenry / Editor: Rajesh Chatha, Robert Hirst / Codes: RP4, RP8, SLO1, SLO11, SLO2, SLO3, TP1 / Published: 16/12/2021

At TERN Education we are keen to help you all learn how to critically evaluate the evidence behind your practice. In order to do this, we have been producing monthly Virtual Journal Club (VJC) modules on RCEMLearning since March 2021.

This month was the TERN of the West of Scotland deanery. Our team included LTFT and FT emergency medicine trainees ranging from CT3-ST6.

The VJC gives you the opportunity to critically consider your practice and earn a certificate which demonstrates the new curriculum requirement to engage in critical appraisal activity. When you finish, click the link to the forum to discuss this month’s paper with colleagues around the country. Interested in writing a module? We are looking to recruit regional teams to write future modules. Email us at [email protected].

START

References

  1. Majdan M, Plancikova D, Brazinova A, Rusnak M, et al. Epidemiology of traumatic brain injuries in Europe: A cross-sectional analysis. Lancet Public Health. 2016; 1(2): e76-e83. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(16)30017-2
  2. Kinoshita K. Traumatic brain injury: pathophysiology for neurocritical care. Journal of Intensive Care. 2016; 4(1): 29. doi:10.1186/s40560-016-0138-3.
  3. Morganti-Kossmann MC, Satgunaseelan L, Bye N, Kossmann T. Modulation of immune response by head injury. Injury. 2007; 38(12): 1392–400. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2007.10.005.
  4. Sato M, Pawlik G, Heiss WD. Comparative studies of regional CNS blood flow autoregulation and responses to CO2 in the cat. Effects of altering arterial blood pressure and PaCO2 on rCBF of cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Stroke. 1984; 15(1): 91–7. doi:10.1161/01.str.15.1.91.
  5. Muizelaar JP, Marmarou A, Ward JD, et al. Adverse effects of prolonged hyperventilation in patients with severe head injury: a randomized clinical trial. J Neurosurg. 1991; 75(5): 731–9.
  6. The Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, Recommendations for the Safe Transfer of Patients with Brain Injury, 2006. London.
  7. Brain Trauma Foundation; American Association of Neurological Surgeons; Congress of Neurological Surgeons. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24 Suppl 1:S1-106. doi: 10.1089/neu.2007.9999.
  8. Mass AI, Dearden M, Teasdale GM, Braakman R, Cohadon F, Iannotti F et al. EBIC-guidelines for management of severe head injury in adults. European Brain Injury Consortium. Acta Neurochir (Wein); 1997, 139(4): 286-94). doi:10.1007/BF01808823.
  9. Chi JH, Knudson MM, Vassar MJ, McCarthy MC, et al. Prehospital hypoxia affects outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury: a prospective multicenter study. J Trauma. 2006; 61(5): 1134-41. doi:10.1097/01.ta.0000196644.64653.d8.
  10. Klauber MR, Marshall LF, Luerssen TG, Frankowski R, et al. Determinants of head injury mortality: importance of the low risk patient. Neurosurg. 1989; 24(1): 31-36. doi:10.1227/00006123-198901000-00005.
  11. Eisenberg HM, Gary HE, Aldrich EF, Saydjari C, et al. Initial CT findings in 753 patients with severe head injury. A report from the NIH Traumatic Coma Data Bank. J Neurosurg. 1990; 73(5): 688-698. doi:10.3171/jns.1990.73.5.0688.
  12. Bouma GJ, Muizelaar JP, Choi SC, Newlon PG, Young HF. Cerebral circulation and metabolism after severe traumatic brain injury: the elusive role of ischemia. J Neurosurg. 1991; 75(5): 685-693. doi:10.3171/jns.1991.75.5.0685.
  13. Miller JD, Becker DP. Secondary insults to the injured brain. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1982 Sep;27(5):292-8. PMID: 7143298.
  14. Pietropaoli JA, Rogers FB, Shackford SR, Wald SL, et al. The deleterious effects of intraoperative hypotension on outcome in patients with severe head injuries. J Trauma. 1992; 33(3): 403-407. doi:10.1097/00005373-199209000-00011.
  15. Berry C, Ley EJ, Bukur M, Malinoski D, et al. Redefining hypotension in traumatic brain injury. Injury. 2012 Nov;43(11):1833-7.
  16. Brenner M, Stein DM, Hu PF, Aarabi B, et al. Traditional systolic blood pressure targets underestimate hypotension-induced secondary brain injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012; 72(5): 1135-1139.
  17. Butcher I, Murray GD, McHugh GS, Lu J, Mushkudiani NA, et al. Multivariable prognostic analysis in traumatic brain injury: results from the IMPACT study. J Neurotrauma. 2007; 24(2): 329-337. doi:10.1089/neu.2006.0035.
  18. Carney N, Totten AM, O’Reilly C, Ullman JS, et al. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury, fourth edition. Neurosurgery. 2017; 80(1): 6-15. doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000001432.
  19. Hodgkinson S, Pollit V, Sharpin C, Lecky F. Early management of head injury: summary of updated NICE guidance. BMJ. 2014; 348: g104. doi:10.1136/bmj.g104.
  20. Carney N, Totten AM, O’Reilly C, Ullman JS, et al. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury, fourth edition. Neurosurgery. 2017; 80(1): 6-15. doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000001432.
  21. Hermanides J, Plummer MP, Finnis M, Deane AM, et al. Glycaemic control targets after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical Care. 2018; 22(1): 1-1. doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1883-y.
  22. Kruer RM, Harris LH, Goodwin H, Kornbluth J, et al. Changing trends in the use of seizure prophylaxis after traumatic brain injury: a shift from phenytoin to levetiracetam. Journal of Critical Care. 2013; 28(5): 883e9-13. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.11.020.
  23. Clifton GL, Miller ER, Choi SC, Levin HS, McCauley S, Smith KR Jr, et al. Lack of effect of induction of hypothermia after acute brain injury. N Engl J Med. 2001; 344(8): 556-63. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200102223440803.
  24. Shenkin HA, Bezier HS, Bouzarth WF. Restricted fluid intake. Rational management of the neurosurgical patient. J Neurosurg. 1976; 45(4): 432-436. doi:10.3171/jns.1976.45.4.0432.
  25. Oddo M, Poole D, Helbok R, Meyfroidt G, Stocchetti N, Bouzat P et al. Fluid therapy in neurointensive care patients: ESICM consensus and clinical practice recommendations. Intensive Care Med. 2018; 44(4): 449-463. doi:10.1007/s00134-018-5086-z.
  26. Wiegers EJA, Lingsma HF, Huijben JA, Cooper DJC, et al. Fluid balance and outcome in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury (CENTER-TBI and OzENTER-TBI): a prospective multicentre, comparative, effectiveness study. Lancet Neurol. 2021; 20(8): 627-638. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00162-9.

Module Content

Expand All