In countries where poliomyelitis has been eradicated, GBS remains the most common cause of acquired paralysis in children. For a classical presentation, making the diagnosis is relatively simple. However, presentation may be subtle and includes minor changes of gait or refusal to walk, associated with pain.
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The emergency physician needs to keep GBS in the differential diagnosis of the limping child.
Factors which make GBS a less likely diagnosis include a fever at presentation, raised cerebrospinal fluid white cell count (CSF WCC), an atypical presentation, or history of travel to developing countries (see Fig 1).