Heat Stroke and Heat Exhaustion

Basic Definitions

Basic Physiology

2 Topics

Pathological Effects

Clinical Features

3 Topics

Thermoregulatory Failure

Clinical Abnormalities

Differential Diagnosis

Prevention and Risk Factors

2 Topics

Heat stroke and heat exhaustion

Heat stroke and heat exhaustion

Heat Stroke and Heat Exhaustion Heat stroke and heat exhaustion

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Question 1 of 10

1. Question
Which of the following statements are correct?
- Heat stroke is characterised by marked confusion and a systemic inflammatory response
- Classical heat stroke usually affects young, healthy adults
- Rhabdomyolysis is more common with classical heat stroke
- Heat oedema should be treated with diuretics
- Heat stroke should be treated by lowering the core temperature to 37.0°C as rapidly as possible
Correct

Incorrect
Question 2 of 10

2. Question
Regarding heat stroke, which of the following statements are correct?
- A core temperature of 40°C or greater is an absolute requirement to make the diagnosis
- Patients are often able to provide a clear history of exposure to high environmental temperature
- Cerebral dysfunction is present
- Patients are often sweating profusely
- Cardiac failure may occur
Correct

Incorrect
Question 3 of 10

3. Question
Regarding the management of heat stroke, which of the following statements are correct?
- Regular axillary temperature monitoring is optimal
- Active cooling measures commonly involve body emersion
- Patients rarely require intensive care management
- Benzodiazepines are often involved
- Active cooling measures should be stopped when a core temperature of 38.5°C is reached
Correct

Incorrect
Question 4 of 10

4. Question
Regarding mechanisms of heat loss, which of the following 2 statements are correct?
- Conduction is the most important mechanism of heat loss
- Evaporation is more effective in a humid environment
- Radiation is an important means of heat loss and gain
- Spraying patients who have heat stroke with tepid water increases heat loss through conduction
- Convective heat loss is more effective in the presence of a cool breeze
Correct

Incorrect
Question 5 of 10

5. Question
Regarding the epidemiology of environmental heat related death, which 2 statements are correct?
- Most heat-related deaths are due to heat stroke
- Heat stroke kills more people in southern Europe than in northern Europe
- Miners, fire fighters and military recruits are at greater risk
- Elderly individuals are at increased risk during heat waves
Correct

Incorrect
Question 6 of 10

6. Question
Which of the following are potential differential diagnoses of heat stroke?
- Thyroid storm
- Sepsis
- Status epilepticus
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Malignant hyperpyrexia
Correct

Incorrect
Question 7 of 10

7. Question
Which of the following are risk factors for the development of heat stroke?
- Alcohol intoxication
- Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors
- Beta-blockers
- Phenothiazines
- Amphetamines
Correct

Incorrect
Question 8 of 10

8. Question
Regarding heat stroke, which of the following statements are correct?
- Hepatocyte damage may occur
- Elevated lactate is often present
- Metabolic alkalosis is common due to severe vomiting
- Cytokine levels are increased
- Renal dysfunction often occurs
Correct

Incorrect
Question 9 of 10

9. Question
Regarding the management of heat stroke, which of the following statements are correct?
- Hypotension is a common problem
- Rhabdomyolysis is a more common problem in exertional heat stroke
- Invasive monitoring should be commenced
- Platelet and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion may be required
Correct

Incorrect
Question 10 of 10

10. Question
Regarding heat exhaustion, which of the following 2 statements are correct?
- Patients are often markedly confused
- A systemic inflammatory response is present
- Removing the patient from the high-temperature environment and treating dehydration is usually sufficient
- Vomiting and headache are common
Correct

Incorrect

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