In patients who have cancers that are likely to respond to therapy, but in whom acute or chronic renal failure is present, aggressive saline infusion is not possible. Further, other therapies such as bisphosphonates should be used with caution, if at all. In these circumstances, dialysis against a dialysate containing little or no calcium may be considered for selected patients. [6] There are no randomised control trials (RCTs) and only case reports [6] (Level 3).