Renal Causes of Haematuria
There are many renal causes of haematuria encountered in clinical practice. Think of general disease processes and of anatomical locations to help recall these causes. Remember, however, that infection and renal colic are the most commonly encountered. Malignancy is rare, but it must be ruled out.
Table 3: Renal Causes of haematuria
| Infection | UTI
Pyelonephritis TB |
| Neoplasia | Renal cell carcinoma
Oncocytoma Transitional cell carcinoma Metastatic tumours UGT Angiomyolipoma |
| Iatrogenic | Instrumentation
Biopsy |
| Metabolic | Calculi |
| Trauma | Blunt and penetrating |
| Inflammatory | Interstitial nephritis
Post streptococcal IgA nephropathy Goodpasture’s syndrome |
| Radiation | Nephritis |
| Vascular | Renal venous thrombosis
Renovascular arterial disease Haemangioma Renal papillary necrosis |
| Congenital | Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction
Cystic renal disease Arteriovenous malformation |
| Genetic | Renal tubular acidosis
Type1 Cystinuria Von Hippel-Lindau disease Alport syndrome Thin basement member disease |