Author: Zaina Soogun-Shah / Editor: Sarah Edwards / Codes: CC3, SLO3, SLO6 / Published: 08/07/2023
A 70-year-old man presents to Emergency Department (ED) with acute shortness of breath and significantly reduced exercise tolerance over the last few days. He had travelled from Leicester to London for his son’s graduation 3 days ago. Today, he is also experiencing light-headedness and nearly blacked out when mobilising earlier. He denies any chest pain or palpitations. He has a past medical history of an ischemic stroke 10 years ago that has left no residual deficits. His medications include a statin and aspirin 75mg. He is usually independent of all activities of daily living, goes out and gets his own shopping.
At triage, his heart rate (HR) is 38bpm, blood pressure (BP) 120/60, Respiratory Rate(RR) of 18, with normal oxygen saturations on air. He is afebrile.
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Question 1 of 3
1. Question
What is your first priority?
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Question 2 of 3
2. Question
A short while later.
The patient is attached to the cardiac monitor which shows a regular rhythm with a rate between 28-36
IV access is obtained, and blood samples are sent for full blood count, electrolytes, troponin and c-reactive protein.
The patient appears fatigued but can talk to you and explain his symptoms. He is visibly breathless but is completing his sentences. On examination, his GCS 15 out of 15. BP 104/54, sats 97% room air, RR 20. Chest clear, normal heart sounds, no clinical signs of fluid overload and abdomen soft non-tender. You ask for a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) which looks like this:
Fig.1 via Life in the Fast Lane (Click the image to emlarge it)
What is the next step in management?
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Question 3 of 3
3. Question
You prescribe doses of atropine 500mcg up to a maximum of 3mg which does nothing.
The patient starts to become more lightheaded and increasingly fatigued and although he is rousable he is no longer as talkative as before. His HR remains between 26-36, RR is now 32 with a BP of 92/56 and his oxygen saturations are 94% on room air which improves to 98% with 2L O2 via nasal canula.
What is the most appropriate next step?
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Module Content
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7 responses
Excellent review
Good review
Good review . Very important daily presentation to A&E.
Thank you
Good case. This is core Emergency Medicine. Good questions, with just enough ‘tempting but incorrect’ answers in the MCQ to make sure you are paying attention!
Rhythm strip would be very helpful with the ECG
Excellent review