Ultrasound: Physics and Basic Equipment Settings

Generation and Detection of Ultrasound

The Pulse Echo Principle

2 Topics

Acoustic Impedance

Types of Ultrasound

4 Topics

The Interaction of Sound with Tissue

8 Topics

Specular Reflection

Structures Insonated at 90 Degrees

Curved Reflective Interfaces

Angled Reflective Interfaces

Relative Tissue Reflectivity (Brightness)

Frequency, Penetration and Attenuation

Acoustic Impedance

Control Panel and Transducers

4 Topics

The Control Panel

Freeze and Cine Loop

Probes and Acoustic ‘Beams’

Transducer Selection

Equipment Settings

7 Topics

Application Pre-sets

Time Gain Compensation

TGC and Overall Gain: Gain Settings Optimised

Depth/Magnification

High Resolution Magnification

How Safe Is Ultrasound

Ultrasound: Physics and basic equipment settings – Post test

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Ultrasound: Physics and basic equipment settings – Post test

Ultrasound: Physics and Basic Equipment Settings Ultrasound: Physics and basic equipment settings – Post test

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Question 1 of 10

1. Question
Which of the following is true in an optimised ultrasound image?
- Fluid will generally appear black
- The reflectivity of soft tissue will increase with depth
- Air will appear black
- Echogenicity can be altered by zooming the image
- Use of TGC will improve penetration
Correct

Incorrect
Question 2 of 10

2. Question
When imaging a deep structure, penetration can be improved by which of the following?
- Reducing transmit frequency
- Increasing overall gain
- Increasing TGC
- Reducing the frame rate
- Moving the focus
Correct

Incorrect
Question 3 of 10

3. Question
Which of the following is true for specular reflection?
- It is maximal when the impedance change is maximal
- It is the result of sound energy interacting with structures smaller than the wavelength
- It is reduced if an interface is imaged at 90 degrees
- It is usually not helpful
- It is an artefact that the beginner is unlikely to see
Correct

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Question 4 of 10

4. Question
Which of the following is true for the acoustic impedance of tissue?
- It varies significantly within human tissue
- It is altered using higher ultrasound frequencies
- It results in curving of the ultrasound beam
- It can be reduced by using a gel couplant
- It is reduced at higher output power
Correct

Incorrect
Question 5 of 10

5. Question
Which of the following is true for frame rate?
- It decreases if depth is increased
- It decreases when the field of view is reduced
- It is increased by the use of multiple focal zones
- It is dependent on transducer frequency
- It should be reduced when imaging the heart
Correct

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Question 6 of 10

6. Question
In B-mode, image creation depends on which of the following?
- The amplitude of the received echo which is used to determine image brightness
- Depth of penetration which increases with frequency
- Pulses of sound directed along a single line of sight
- Linear array transducers which have higher frequencies
- Phased array transducers which have a wide footprint to allow visualisation of superficial structures
Correct

Incorrect
Question 7 of 10

7. Question
According to the pulse echo principle, which of the following is true?
- The depth setting determines transmit pulse repetition frequency
- The speed of sound in soft tissue does not vary
- The time taken for each pulse to return determines signal brightness
- Higher frequency sound travels faster in soft tissue
- It is used to determine direction of blood flow in a vessel
Correct

Incorrect
Question 8 of 10

8. Question
Which of the following is true for electronic focusing?
- It improves both contrast and lateral resolution at the depth of focus
- It is used to improve axial resolution
- It should be set to the level of the most superficial structures imaged
- It is used to reduce the width of the field of view
Correct

Incorrect
Question 9 of 10

9. Question
Which of the following is true for slice thickness?
- It can result in artefacts seen within small pockets of fluid
- It can be reduced by changing the focal depth
- It can be increased to improve visualisation of deep structures
- It is increased when output power is reduced
Correct

Incorrect
Question 10 of 10

10. Question
Which of the following is true for critical angle shadowing?
- It is sometimes seen posterior to the lateral boundaries of the aorta
- It is seen posterior to fluid filled structures
- It increases when TGC is increased
- It is seen only with curved array transducers
- It is generated only by solid structures
Correct

Incorrect

4 Comments

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Dr Firas Uday Monim March 6, 2024 at 12:36 pm

Very Good teaching.

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Dr Maythem Abdulhassan Al-Kaisy June 14, 2024 at 12:15 am

Excellent teaching course

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Dr Maythem Abdulhassan Al-Kaisy June 14, 2024 at 12:18 am

Very helpful course that I would like to visit again to keep my knowledge fresh.

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Dr Andrew Isimenmen Okoawoh March 7, 2025 at 10:41 am

nice teaching section

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