A 56-year-old man with a known history of cirrhotic liver disease and alcohol excess is brought in to the ED. He gives a history of 4 large fresh red vomits and black tarry stools for the past 12 hours.
On examination he is clammy with cool peripheries. His heart rate is 130bpm, and blood pressure is 70/40mmHg.
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What are the five initial actions and priorities in this case?
The patient continues to bleed despite resuscitation and medical therapy. His most recent set of observations; HR 128bpm, Blood Pressure 74/45 mmHg, RR 28, Sp02 100% (on non-rebreather mask).
The next management steps are (tick all that apply):