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Urinary Tract Infections in Children

Demographics Context and Definition

Clinical Presentation

Urine testing – who needs it?

Urinary Collection Techniques

When to send urine for culture

Further Imaging

Prevention and Prophylaxis

Urinary Tract Infections in Children

Urinary Tract Infections in Children

Urinary Tract Infections in Children
Urinary Tract Infections in Children

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Question 1 of 8

1. Question

Which of the following symptoms or signs are NOT suggestive of a UTI?

Failure to thrive
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Offensive urine
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Jaundice
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Incontinence
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Vulval itching
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Question 2 of 8

2. Question

Which of the following is not an acceptable urine collection method in children?

Ultrasound guided suprapubic aspirate
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Clean catch urine sample
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Cotton wool balls in nappy
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Catheter sample
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Urine collection pad
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Question 3 of 8

3. Question

A 4-year-old girl has her first confirmed E. coli UTI. She is systemically well. Which of the following investigations is appropriate?

Nothing
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An ultrasound of her renal tract
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An ultrasound and DMSA scan
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A micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG)
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A dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintography scan
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Question 4 of 8

4. Question

A 9-month-old boy is successfully treated with antibiotics after his first UTI. Which of the following drugs is recommended as prophylaxis?

No antibiotic
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Nitrofurantoin
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Trimethoprim
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Cephalexin
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Amoxicillin
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Question 5 of 8

5. Question

Which of the following organisms is NOT a commonly recognised cause of UTI?

Proteus mirabilis
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Escherichia coli
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Klebsiella
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Mycoplasma hominis
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Question 6 of 8

6. Question

Which of the following statements regarding urine dipstick testing are true?

Dipsticks should not be used in infants under 3 months
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A 2-year-old child who has nitrites but no leukocytes on urine dipstick should be treated for UTI
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A 2-year-old child who has leukocytes but no nitrites on urine dipstick should be treated for UTI
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Leukocytes found on urine dipstick can only be caused by a UTI
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A 5-year-old child with leukocytes but no nitrites on dipstick should only have antibiotics started if there is good clinical evidence of a UTI
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Question 7 of 8

7. Question

Which of the following is not an indication for urine microscopy and culture?

A febrile 4 year old with positive result for nitrites on urine dipstick
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A febrile 2-month-old
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A febrile 4-year-old with bulging red tympanic membranes, green on NICE Traffic Light criteria
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7-year-old with lower urinary tract symptoms and several previous UTIs
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A 8-year-old who is febrile and shocked despite 40ml/kg fluid bolus
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Question 8 of 8

8. Question

Which of the following is correct?

CRP should be used to differentiate between upper and lower UTI
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Hydronephrosis may represent renal tract obstruction or vesicoureteric reflux
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All children who diagnosed with UTI with need a DMSA or MCUG scan as an outpatient
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Never administer antibiotics for UTI until a urine sample has been obtained
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

All febrile children require a urine dipstick +/- culture
Correct Incorrect Correct answer

5 Comments

Dr Ranganath Satyanarayana Setty November 29, 2025 at 10:16 am

Great lesson with lot of information in one place

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Dr Meropi Boukouvala December 5, 2025 at 11:08 am

good

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Dr Meropi Boukouvala December 5, 2025 at 11:12 am

good one

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Dr Sara Mostafa Abdelmonem Haikal December 9, 2025 at 1:54 am

thank you

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Dr Aimen Sarim, medical officer April 24, 2026 at 5:27 am

Great learning

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