Clinical Presentation

It may be difficult to recognise UTI in children because the presenting symptoms and signs are non-specific, particularly in infants and children younger than 3 years. The table is the NICE guide to the symptoms and signs with which infants and children present [1].

Table 1: Presenting symptoms and signs in infants and children with UTI
Age group

Symptoms and signs

                        

Infants younger than 3 months
  • Fever
  • Vomiting
  • Lethargy
  • Irritability
  • Poor feeding
  • Failure to thrive
  • Abdominal pain
  • Jaundice
  • Haematuria
  • Offensive urine
Infants and children, 3 months or older Preverbal
  • Fever
  • Abdominal pain
  • Loin tenderness
  • Vomiting
  • Poor feeding
  • Lethargy
  • Irritability
  • Haematuria
  • Offensive urine
  • Failure to thrive
Verbal
  • Frequency
  • Dysuria
  • Dysfunctional voiding
  • Changes to continence
  • Abdominal pain
  • Loin tenderness
  • Fever
  • Malaise
  • Vomiting
  • Haematuria
  • Offensive urine
  • Cloudy urine
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