Context

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infectious conditions seen in the emergency department (ED) [1]. A half of all females will have experienced a UTI during their lifetime, with one third having done so by the age of 24. The changing pattern of antibiotic resistance requires regular review of their assessment and management.

UTIs in males suggest obstructive pathology such as benign prostate enlargement or urethral stricture.